According to Ministry of Finance calculations, in the three years prior to the 11 September attacks, Pakistan received approximately $9million in American military aid; in the three years after, the amount increased to $4.2billion. Likewise, 10 grams of 22k gold were being traded for Rs152,862 while a single tola of 22-karat gold was being sold at Rs 178,290. India's land-based nuclear arsenal starts off with the short-range, road-mobile Prithvi-II and Agni-I missiles that can travel 155 miles and 435 miles, respectively. [citation needed], As of 2021,[update] estimations by national and international bodies were that approximately 651,800 people[121] were on active duty in the three main service branches, with an additional 291,000 serving in paramilitary forces[121] and 550,000 in reserve. [citation needed] Two-star rank officers are usually appointed to command the paramilitary forces. Last year, Pakistan Army had been ranked 10th most powerful army in the world after it jumped five places since 2019. [14] The President of Pakistan is the Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistan Armed Forces and the chain of command is organized under the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (JCSC) alongside the respective Chiefs of staffs of the Army, Navy, and Air Force. The latter system is most likely intended for targeting Pakistan, hence the approximately 20 launchers deployed in western India.. From there, New Delhi wields the medium-range Agni-II and intermediate-range Agni-III, which can . [24] The armed forces are generally highly approved of in Pakistani society. As of 2021,[update] China was the largest foreign supplier of military equipment to Pakistan in major arms. Pakistan Army has been ranked the 10th most powerful in the world out of 133 countries on the Global Firepower index 2021, according to data released by the group on its official website. [53] As of March2021,[update] Air Chief Marshal Zaheer Ahmad Babar is the CAS. [28] Many of the senior officers who would form the Pakistan Armed Forces had fought with British forces in World War II, thus providing the newly created country with the professionalism, experience and leadership it would need in its future wars against neighbouring India. [33] As an institution, the armed forces have been integrated into Pakistani civil society since the establishment of the country in 1947. Last edited on 20 February 2023, at 02:31, Defence Science and Technology Organization, War in North-West Pakistan order of battle, PakistanUnited States military relations, the United States troops withdraws Afghanistan, Pakistan and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, United Nations peacekeeping missions involving Pakistan, International response to the 2005 Kashmir earthquake, College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, International Defence Exhibition and Seminar, Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces, Space & Upper Atmosphere Research Commission, "South Asia:: Pakistan The World Factbook", "Manpower Reaching Military Age Annually (2020)", International Institute for Strategic Studies, "Troops already in Saudi Arabia, says minister", "Raheel leaves for Riyadh to command military alliance", "Examining Saudi-Pakistani ties in changing geopolitics", "10,000 Saudi soldiers being trained in Pakistan", "Trends in World Military Expenditure, 2020", Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, "With China as its mentor, Pakistan triples arms exports", "Inter-Services Public Relations Pakistan", "Pakistan Army ranks 10th most powerful army in the world", "Pakistan Army ranked 10th most powerful in world", "China cements its place as Pakistan's largest supplier of major arms: Report", "Al-Khalid MBT-2000/Type 2000 Main Battle Tank", "National Survey of Public Opinion in Pakistan", "Pakistan Army Saga of valour & service to the nation", "Tale of a love affair that never was: United States-Pakistan Defence Relations", "Charlie Wilson's Legacy, Operation Cyclone Afghanistan", "Arming Afghan Guerrillas: A Huge Effort Led by U.S. (Published 1988)", "Army Gets A Foothold in Pakistan; Coup Leader, US Envoy Discuss New Government", "Pakistan's army: as inept as it is corrupt | Mustafa Qadri", "Article 243A in the Chapter II: Armed Forces in the Part XII of the Constitution of Pakistan", "Pakistan's Top Military Officer Cancels Trip to US", "New Pakistan Chairman of Joint Chiefs of Staff named", "Nadeem Raza takes charge as chairman joint chiefs of staff committee", "Pakistan Army's Contribution in UN Missions", "Air Marshal Sohail Aman appointed as the new air chief The Express Tribune", "PAF is playing pivotal role in Zarb-e-Azb operation: Air Chief", "PAF fully equipped to defend country's aerial frontiers", "Wings Over Chagai: PAF and Chagai Nuclear tests", "The Pakistan Air Force's National interests", "Pakistan's firepower gets Russia edge on the sly", "Confirmed: Pakistan Air Force now operates 70 JF-17 fighter jets", "Pakistan Air Force Chief sets expectations for near and long-term force goals", "Daily Times - Latest Pakistan News, World, Business, Sports, Lifestyle", "PAF to acquire 36 5th-generation combat aircraft from China: PAF Chief", "Pakistan signs deal for Chinese J-10 fighters", "Defence industry likely to reach $10.4billion by 2015", "PAF F-16 Block 15 Aircraft arrives after Mid Life Upgrade, Islamabad", Improvise and modernise-24 February 1999-Flight International, Top Story: New Fighter Squadron added to Pakistan Air Force, PAF gets new Mirage fighter squadron News Webindia123.com, "Thunder Resonates as Modernization Inches Forward in Pakistan", "IDEAS 2014 opens: Govt focusing on export of defence ware, says PM", "Admiral Zakaullah takes charge as new navy chief", "Bush okays anti-submarine frigate for Pak", https://thediplomat.com/2013/10/pakistans-oversized-submarine-ambitions/, "Pakistani Navy to Develop Nuclear-Powered Submarines: Reports", "INDIA AND PAKISTAN MISSILE RACE SURGES ON CNS", "Pakistan assumes the command of CTF 151", "Adm. Asif Sandila, Chief of Naval Staff, Pakistan Navy", "Rear Admiral Syed Bashir new PN Coastal Commander", "pakistan marines to the rescue in northern sindh", "Meet Pakistan's only female fighter pilot who bombed Taliban hideouts in North Waziristan", "Map: Which countries allow women in front-line combat roles? [198] By 1963, the Defence Science and Technology Organization (DESTO) was formed by POF Director Hafeez for the purposes of military research and development. [139][140] Common concerns over India's regional power have influenced strategic co-operation, leading to a gift of several squadrons of F-6 fighter aircraft to the Bangladesh Air Force in the late 1980s. An army, Its Role and Rule: A History of the Pakistan Army from Independence to Kargil, 19471999. According to the most recent study from Global Firepower Ranking, the military might of India and Pakistan is completely unmatched. [200], During the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, the US Congress scrutinised its military aid to Pakistan despite efforts by U.S. President Richard Nixon. Likewise, its cultural imprint spans the world, led in large part by its . An air-launched version, Ra'ad, has been successfully tested. The prefix "Royal" was soon added but dropped in 1956 when Pakistan became an Islamic republic. Pakistan Navy (official website)- PN Dimensions; The Diplomat. [33] Rising tensions with Afghanistan in the 1960s (primarily over the Durand Line dispute) and an indirect proxy war fought against the Soviet Union throughout the 1970s and 1980s in the SovietAfghan War with American, British and Israeli assistance led to a sharp rise in the development of the Pakistan Armed Forces. Said Zinni: "Don't assume that the Pakistanis' nuclear capability is inferior to the Indians". The Pakistani military largely retained British military traditions and doctrine until 1956, when the United States dispatched a specialized Military Assistance Advisory Group to Pakistan to build its military; from this point onward, American military tradition and doctrine became more dominant within Pakistan's armed forces. [162] Following the secretive tradition of its counterparts in other services, the actual number of its serving personnel is kept classified. Comparison of US Army and Pakistan Army's UCP, 2013. The table below shows the current deployment of Pakistani Forces in UN Peacekeeping missions. [20] During times of co-operation, US military funding and training have enhanced the Pakistan Armed Forces; in contrast, severing of US support at critical junctures has led to bitter disillusionment. In addition, Pakistan has maintained strong military-to-military ties with Turkey, and would like to use these, as well as its Iranian connections, as a bridge to the new Muslim states of Central Asia. Many Arab military officials have been educated at Pakistan's military staff colleges and universities. [194] The NID serves a similar purpose as the U.S. National Intelligence Estimate, providing statistical analysis and counter-insurgency recommendations at all levels of command.[195]. [citation needed] To provide better co-ordination and eliminate competition, the National Intelligence Directorate (NID) was established in 2014. After Bangladesh's independence from Pakistan, full diplomatic relations were not restored until 1976. The Navy changed its camouflage in 2013. 26 Feb 2019. The PAC reverse-engineered several F6J, F7P, Mirage III, and Mirage 5 fighter jets (of the Chinese and French), built the Mushshak trainer (based on the Swedish SAAB Safari), and maintained radar and avionics equipment. Burne, Lester H. Chronological History of U.S. Foreign Relations: 19321988. [14], ChinaBrazilGermanyEgyptFranceItalyJordanRomaniaRussiaSwedenTurkeyUkraineUnited KingdomUnited States, Since the 1963 Sino-Pakistan Agreement, the Pakistani military has had close relations with China, working jointly to develop the JF-17, the K-8, and various weapons systems. [132], The Army's standard UCP is based on a pixelated version of the region's arid desert patterns. [197] Despite criticism from the country's influential political-science sphere,[199] the government increased the military budget by an additional 11% for the fiscal year 201516. Pakistan is the only country in top 15 which has improved its ranking on Global Firepower index. Rear Admiral Bashir Ahmed is currently serving as the Commandant of Marines. [159][160] Other battalions of Marines are trained to carry out operations with airborne, heliborne, submarine, and waterborne insertions and extractions.[161]. All main service branches parade on Constitution Avenue in Islamabad, where the weapon exhibitions are televised. [176] In the Navy's own admission, it had provided 43,850 kilograms (96,670lb) of food and relief goods to flood victims; this included 5,700kg of ready-to-cook food, 1,000kg of dates and 5,000kg of food dispatched to Sukkur. The price of 10 grams of 24k gold was recorded at Rs171,730. [99] Pakistan's role in the War on Terror led to a rapid modernisation, which saw the induction of the PNS Alamgir anti-submarine warship in 2011. The nation holds a Power Index score of 0.1694 with a score of 0.0000 being considered exceptional in the GFP assessment. As Pakistan became independent, the British military ranks and insignia were initially commissioned by the armed forces as part of a legacy of British colonialism. Each branch has its own training institutions, programs and military. [198] After U.S. military assistance was cut off in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 (followed by the disastrous 1971 War[relevant? [139] Relations improved considerably under the Bangladesh military governments of President Major Ziaur Rahman and General Hossain Mohammad Ershad, as Bangladesh had grown distant from its former war ally, India. [104] The Babur cruise missile has a range of 700 kilometres (430mi) and is capable of using both conventional and nuclear warheads. In 194950, the contribution of the industrial sector to the GNP was only 5.8%, of which 4.8% was attributed to small-scale industries. With Strong Defense, Our Tourism Increase Rapidly. [123][124][125], Members of the Pakistani military hold a rank, either that of officer or enlisted, and can be promoted.[126]. [201] After the war, programs on self-reliance and domestic production were launched with the establishment of the Ministry of Defence Production (MoDP) in 1972, aiming to promote and co-ordinate the patchwork of military production facilities which had developed since independence. The military relationship continued even after the Iranian revolution, as Pakistan was among the first countries to recognise the new Iranian government. "[63] The prefix "Royal" was added in 1947, but dropped when Pakistan became an Islamic republic in 1956. [59], Since 1947, the army has waged three wars with neighbouring India, and several border skirmishes with Afghanistan. Relations became difficult following the SovietAfghan War, when hundreds of foreign fighters (mostly Sunni Arabs) arrived in Pakistan to take part in the Afghan Jihad. Pakistan Army has been ranked the 10th most powerful in the world out of 133 countries on the Global Firepower index 2021, according to data released by the group on its official website. "[148] With the support of US Secretary of State Colin Powell, Pakistan was designated a "major non-NATO ally" in 2004. [54][55] Army General Nadeem Raza is the current Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee. [14] All branches are systemically coordinated during joint operations and missions under the Joint Staff Headquarters (JSHQ). [42][43][44] The budget allocation for the Pakistan Armed Forces at over 20% of the annual budget of Pakistan. KARACHI - Following are the foreign currency exchange rates for US Dollar, Saudi Riyal, UK Pound Sterling, U.A.E. Pakistan Air Force's Special Service Wing (SSW) in its current camouflage. The gradual increase in the rankings of the Pakistan Army indicates the improvement in its professional and military might. [99] During the same time, the Navy engaged in a process of self-reliance and negotiated with China for assistance. Top 10 Most Powerful Militaries in the World 2023. The following table summarises current Pakistani military staffing: From 1947 to the early 2000s, Pakistan's military uniforms closely resembled those of their counterparts in the British armed services. The militarisation of the Karachi Shipyard Engineering Works (KSEW) took place the same year. Check latest rankings here, Here's how Babar Azam and other Pakistani cricketers welcomed New Year, Famous personalities who passed away in 2022. Who is Javeria Siddique and why is she trending. In the 1990s, concerns over Pakistan's secretive development of nuclear weapons led to the "Pressler amendment" (introduced by US Senator Larry Pressler) and an economic and military embargo. [156] The Pakistani military has retained a particularly close relationship with Saudi Arabia which has been a sporadically generous patron: much of the military equipment bought from the United States by Pakistan in the 1980s was paid for by Saudi Arabia. [197], In 1993, Benazir Bhutto's defence budget for the year was set at P.94billion (US$3.3billion), which represented 27% of the government's circular spending and 8.9% of GDP, in calculations shown by the United States military. China is also the largest investor in the Gwadar Deep Sea Port, which is strategically located at the mouth of the Strait of Hormuz. The two countries are actively involved in several joint projects to enhance each other's military needs, including development and production of the JF-17 Thunder fighter jet, the K-8 Karakorum advanced training aircraft, the Al-Khalid tank, airborne early warning and control (AEW&C) systems, and many other projects. [78] Realizing the importance of fifth generation fighter aircraft, the PAF successfully negotiated for the procurement of approximately 36 Chinese FC-20 fighter jets a deal worth around US$1.4billion, signed in 2009. The Director General for Inter-Services Intelligence is the head of the ISI and also the principal adviser to the Prime Minister and President of Pakistan; the ISI reports directly to the prime minister. On military policy issues, Pakistan issues directives towards "first use"[186] and maintains that its program is based on nuclear deterrence, to peacefully discourage attack by India and other countries with large conventional-force advantages over Pakistan. [46] In many ways, the JCSC provides an important link to understand, maintain balance, and resolve conflicts between military and political circles. [197] Since 1971, the military budget of the armed forces grew by 200% in support of armed forces contingency operations. [148] NATO regards its relations with Pakistan as "partners across the globe. The situation began to normalise in 2000, with Pakistan and Iran reinstating trade relations. The SSW is designed to execute difficult aerial and land operations, serving as equivalent to the US Air Force's Special Tactics Squadron units. [178], The Youm-e-Difa (English: Defence Day) Pakistan's day in remembrance of fallen soldiers of the Indo-Pakistani war of 1965 is observed on 6 September. The sale of 22 Al-Khalid main battle tanks to the Sri Lanka Army was finalised during these talks, in a deal worth over US$100million. : Fauji Foundation), commercial (e.g. [170], In times of natural disasters such as floods and earthquakes, army engineers, medical and logistics personnel, and the armed forces generally have played a major role in rescue, relief, and supply efforts. Pakistan has enjoyed strong military co-operation with the Iranian military since the 1950s. The United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Kuwait also have been important sources of financial support.[157]. 78,479 views Nov 16, 2018 1.7K Dislike Share Save Newsweek 53.6K subscribers Pakistan has one of the strongest military forces in the world and plays a. Here is the equation if we follow the parameters we've just set. A large number of Pakistan Armed Forces personnel are deployed overseas as part of the United Nations' peacekeeping missions. India has carried out air raids on rebel camps inside Pakistan weeks after a suicide attack in the disputed Kashmir region, raising fears of a war between the nuclear-armed South . Pakistan Navy's sailors wearing anti-flash gear while operating a Guided missile frigate, PNS Alamgir. [108], The Marines are the uniform service branch within the Navy whose leadership comes directly from the Navy. 9. Iran's relations with India improved during this time, with both supporting the Northern Alliance against the Taliban. [75][76][77] The F-7PG will be replaced later, and the JF-17 fleet may eventually be expanded to 300 aircraft. [citation needed] Commissioned in 1956 with help from US Army Special Forces, the Pakistan Army's Special Services Group (SSG) is an elite special operations division; its training and nature of operations are roughly equivalent to British Special Air Service (SAS) and US Army Special Forces and Delta Force. Pakistan vs India military power comparison 2023 | Pakistan vs India military power | world Nation military Hi friends, in this video I have compared military power between. The largest Pakistan-Ukrainian defense deal was for 320 T-80UD/Ob'yekt 478BEh tanks, built by the Kharkov Machine Building Design Bureau, or KMDB. [93] The Pressler amendment forced an embargo in the 1990s, during which the navy developed air independent propulsion (AIP) technology purchased from France and built the Agosta-class submarines; two of these (as well as one of the new frigates) were built at Pakistan's facilities in Karachi. The United States of America is a North American nation that is the world's most dominant economic and military power. Pakistan (Urdu: [pakstan]), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( ), is a country in South Asia.It is the world's fifth-most populous country, with a population of almost 243 million people, and has the world's second-largest Muslim population just behind Indonesia. [133] Within a few months of its founding in 1947, the military had inherited all professional qualifications of the British military in India. Significant figures who opted for the former included Ayub Khan (British Indian Army), Haji Mohammad Siddiq Choudri (Royal Indian Navy) and Asghar Khan (Royal Indian Air Force). [14][46] Recommendations of the Hamoodur Rahman Commission helped establish the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee to co-ordinate all military work and oversee joint missions and their execution during operations. The Global Firepower has issued the ranking, utilising over 50 individual factors to determine a given nation's PowerIndex ('PwrIndx') score with categories ranging from military might and financials to logistical capability and geography. ]), Pakistan turned to China for help in expanding its military industrial and production capabilities, including the modernisation of the facilities at Wah. [citation needed], The PAF trains and commands the Airports Security Force for ensuring the safeguard and protection of airports in Pakistan. Pakistan Air Force, Navy, and Army personnel played crucial roles in building the UAE military. Beyond that their own position starts getting undermined because the military is after all a mirror image of the civil society from which it is drawn. [149][150][151][152] After the United States troops withdraws Afghanistan in 2021, US clearly distanced itself from Pakistan. [62], Pakistan is the only predominantly Muslim country in which women serve as high-ranking officers and in combat roles, and a sizeable unit of female army and air force personnel has been actively involved in military operations against Taliban forces. [93] Its prime responsibility is to provide protection of nation's sea ports, marine borders, approximately 1,000km (650mi) of coastline, and supporting national security and peacekeeping missions. Find out in today's epic. [180] Wreaths of flowers are laid on the graves of the fallen soldiers and ceremonies are held across the country. LAHORE - According to Global Firepower's 2021 military strength ranking, the Pakistan military has improved 5 places and is . [202], Inter-Services Emblem of the Pakistan Armed Forces, Uniforms and Camouflage codes of the Pakistan Armed Forces, 1947present, Defence contractors and explosive engineering. [197] During the administrations of Prime Ministers Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif, approximately 5060% of scientific research and funding went to military efforts. [154][155], Pakistan's close ties to the nations of the Middle East, based on geography and shared religion, have led to periodic military deployments since the 1960s. In recent years the friendship has deepened further: China and Pakistan have signed several mutual-defence treaties. [181] The change of guard ceremony takes place at Mazar-e-Quaid, where the cadets of inter-services academies present Guard of Honour and take the charge. [179] Additionally, the Youm-e-Fizaya (Air Force Day) is celebrated on 7 September, and the Youm-e-Bahriya (Navy Day) on 8 September. [46][clarification needed], Following military failures in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 and Bangladesh Liberation War, federal studies on civilmilitary relations were held by a commission led by Hamoodur Rahman, Chief Justice of Pakistan. The Arab world countries many of them wealthy but with small populations and limited militaries have historically depended on regional armies to provide a protective umbrella and military muscle in times of instability and crisis. [21] The Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee is composed of the Chairman Joint Chiefs, the Chief of Army Staff, the Chief of Air Staff and the Chief of Naval Staff. It receives substantial financial aid from the US and has the fifth largest tank fleet in the . As of May 2019, 5,083 personnel were serving abroad, making Pakistan the sixth-largest contributor of personnel to UN peacekeeping missions. Over the years, diplomatic delegations have been exchanged, and Pakistan has agreed to sell military equipment to Iran. [64] The PAF is the seventh-largest air force and the largest in the Islamic world, with about 943 combat fighter jets and over 200 trainer, transport, communication, helicopter, and force-multiplier aircraft. The 51-year . [119], The paramilitary forces are under various ministerial departments, and appointments are directly made from the armed forces. Pakistan is ranked 7 of 145 out of the countries considered for the annual Global Firepower review. [132] The Air Force abandoned its rank and uniform structure in 2006, and introduced its own uniform insignia which closely resembled that of the Turkish Army. [31] In 1987, the KSEW began developing submarine technology and rebuilding the submarine base near Port Qasim. Recommended by the Navy, based on Royal Marines, the Pakistan Marines were established on 1 July 1971 to undertake riverine operations in East Pakistan. [197] The identities of active-duty uniformed JAG officials are kept classified and no details of such individuals are made available to media. The 1980s were a difficult time in military relations for both countries, as Iran was blamed for the rising ethnic tensions between Sunnis and Shiites in Pakistan. Since the 1960s, the PAF has held regular combat exercises, such as Exercise Saffron Bandit and Exercise High Mark, modelled on the USAF Weapons School; many authors believe the PAF is capable of mastering the methods of "toss bombing" since the 1990s. [109][110] Due to poor combat performance in the war, high losses and casualties, and inability to effectively counter the Indian Army, the Marines were decommissioned by 1974. In a 2010 estimate, Pakistan's paramilitary personnel are approximated at 420,000. Recently, major joint-operations undertaken by the army include Operation Black Thunderstorm and Operation Rah-e-Nijat, against armed insurgents within Pakistan. The GFP country comparison form is provided to allow you to make direct, side-by-side comparisons of any two world powers represented in the GFP database. A combat division commanded by Major-General Zia-ul-Haq was instrumental in putting down the Palestinian Black September revolt against King Hussein in Jordan in the early 1970s. Standard yellowish khaki (on right) as both ACU and the ASU, 1994. [197] These courts are empowered to dispense a wide range of punishments including death. [46] The army is commanded by the Chief of Army Staff (COAS), by statute a four-star army general, appointed by the president with the consultation and confirmation of the prime minister. Accounting for 18.3% of national government expenditure in 2021, after interest payments, Pakistan's military absorbs a large part of the country's annual budget. Pakistan lags considerably below India's military might on every metric . The total number of troops serving in peacekeeping missions was 10,173 as of March2007. [192] However, the executive decisions, operational plannings, and controls over the WMDs remains vested with the NCA under the Prime Minister of Pakistan. [79][80] It was expected that the FC-20s would be delivered in 2015. [174] According to Air Force statistics, the air force conducted approximately 693 relief operations in Pakistan and abroad during the fiscal period 19982008. The army has also been an active participant in UN peacekeeping missions. [65], In many important events in Pakistan's history, the air force has played a pivotal, influential, and crucial role in the nation's defence and national security, and promoted a sense of security in civil society. [182], The Pakistan Armed Forces parades take place on 23 March, which is celebrated as Youm-e-Pakistan (Pakistan Day). [46] In times of peace, the JCSC's principle functions are to conduct planning of civilmilitary input; in times of war, the chairman acts as principal military adviser to the prime minister in the supervision and conduct of joint warfare. [29] In a formula arranged by the British, military resources were to be divided between India and Pakistan in a ratio of 64% going to India and 36% going to Pakistan. [106], A Navy Mirage-5E (with Sky blue markings underneath) with JF-17, which are flown by navy pilots but remain under air force.[107]. The navy is commanded by the Chief of Naval Staff (CNS), who is by statute a four-star admiral, appointed by the president, with the required consultation and confirmation of the prime minister. A small number of Marine Battalions are deployed at the Sir Creek region[114] to deter the Indian Army, and coordinated the relief efforts in the 2010 Pakistan floods. 4. [197] All sentences of imprisonment are served in military prisons or detention barracks. [197] The army has a four-tier system while the air force and navy have three-tier systems. In May 2000, with separatist Tamil Tiger rebels about to recapture their former capital of Jaffna, Pakistan President Musharraf provided millions of dollars of much-needed armament to the Sri Lankan government. Nations are listed by their formal names in alphabetical order (A-to-Z). 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